{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Python程式語言"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python變數在使用前一定記得先指定初值，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"grade = 76\n",
"height = 175.5\n",
"weight = 75.5\n",
"\n",
"print(\"成績 = \" + str(grade))\n",
"print(\"身高 = \" + str(height))\n",
"print(\"體重 = \" + str(weight))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python變數可以指定成整數值，和執行相關運算如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x = 5\n",
"print(type(x)) # 顯示 \"<class 'int'>\"\n",
"print(x) # 顯示 \"5\"\n",
"print(x + 1) # 加法: 顯示 \"6\"\n",
"print(x - 1) # 減法: 顯示 \"4\"\n",
"print(x * 2) # 乘法: 顯示 \"10\"\n",
"print(x / 2) # 除法: 顯示 \"2.5\"\n",
"print(x // 2) # 整數除法: 顯示 \"2\"\n",
"print(x % 2) # 餘數: 顯示 \"1\"\n",
"print(x ** 2) # 指數: 顯示 \"25\"\n",
"x += 1\n",
"print(x) # 顯示 \"6\"\n",
"x *= 2\n",
"print(x) # 顯示 \"12\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python變數可以指定成浮點數值，和執行相關運算，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"y = 2.5\n",
"print(type(y)) # 顯示 \"<class 'float'>\"\n",
"print(y, y + 1, y * 2, y ** 2) # 顯示 \"2.5 3.5 5.0 6.25\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python語言的布林（Boolean）資料型態可以使用True和False關鍵字來表示"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"x = True\n",
"y = False\n",
"\n",
"print(x)\n",
"print(y)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"當在Python程式建立字串後，我們就可以顯示字串、計算字串長度、連接2個字串告格式化顯示字串內容"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"str1 = 'hello' # 使用單引號建立字串\n",
"str2 = \"python\" # 使用雙引號建立字串\n",
"print(str1) # 顯示 \"hello\"\n",
"print(len(str1)) # 字串長度: 顯示 \"5\"\n",
"str3 = str1 + ' ' + str2 # 字串連接\n",
"print(str3) # 顯示 \"hello python\"\n",
"str4 = '%s %s %d' % (str1, str2, 12) # 格式化字串\n",
"print(str4) # 顯示 \"hello python 12\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python字串物件提供一些好用的方法來處理字串，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = \"hello\"\n",
"print(s.capitalize()) # 第1個字元大寫: 顯示 \"Hello\"\n",
"print(s.upper()) # 轉成大寫: 顯示 \"HELLO\"\n",
"print(s.rjust(7)) # 右邊填空白字元: 顯示 \" hello\"\n",
"print(s.center(7)) # 置中顯示: 顯示 \" hello \"\n",
"print(s.replace('l', 'L')) # 取代字串: 顯示 \"heLLo\"\n",
"print(' python '.strip()) # 刪除空白字元: 顯示 \"python\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 練習"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"請設定兩個變數name, id, class為自己的姓名、學號與班級，並且進行輸出"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"將華氏溫度轉換為攝氏溫度"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = input ( '請輸入華氏溫度: ' )\n",
"c = \n",
"print ( ' %.1f華氏度= %.1f攝氏度' % (f, c))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"輸入半徑計算圓的周長和面積"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"radius = float ( input ( '請輸入圓的半徑: ' ))\n",
"perimeter = 2 * math.pi * radius\n",
"area = math.pi * radius * radius\n",
"print ( '周長: %.2f ' perimeter)\n",
"print ( '面積: %.2f ' area)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 條件控制 – if單選條件敘述\n",
"判斷氣溫決定是否加件外套的if條件敘述，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t = int(input(\"請輸入氣溫 => \"))\n",
"if t < 20:\n",
" print(\"加件外套!\")\n",
"print(\"今天氣溫 = \" + str(t))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"學生成績以60分區分是否及格的if/else條件敘述"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = int(input(\"請輸入成績 => \"))\n",
"if s >= 60:\n",
" print(\"成績及格!\")\n",
"else:\n",
" print(\"成績不及格!\")"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python多選一條件敘述是if/else條件的擴充，在之中新增elif關鍵字來新增一個條件判斷，就可以建立多選一條件敘述，在輸入時，別忘了輸入在條件運算式和else之後的「:」冒號。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"輸入年齡值來判斷不同範圍的年齡，小於13歲是兒童；小於20歲是青少年；大於等於20歲是成年人，因為條件不只一個，所以需要使用多選一條件敘述"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"a = int(input(\"請輸入年齡 => \"))\n",
"if a < 13:\n",
" print(\"兒童\")\n",
"elif a < 20:\n",
" print(\"青少年\")\n",
"else:\n",
" print(\"成年人\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python語言並不支援「條件運算式」（Conditional Expressions），我們可以使用單行if/else條件敘述來代替，其語法如下所示：\n",
" 變數 = 變數1 if 條件運算式 else 變數2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"12/24制的時間轉換運算式如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"h = h-12 if h >= 12 else h"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 練習"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"成績轉換為等級"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"score = input ( '請輸入成績: ' )\n",
"if score >= 90\n",
" grade = ' A '\n",
"else if score >= 80\n",
" grade = ' B '\n",
"else if score >= 70\n",
" grade = ' C '\n",
"else if score >= 60 \n",
" grade = ' D '\n",
"else\n",
" grade = ' E '\n",
"print ( '對應的等級是: ' , grade)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 迴圈控制 – for計數迴圈"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"在for迴圈的程式敘述中擁有計數器變數，計數器可以每次增加或減少一個值，直到迴圈結束條件成立為止。\n",
"\n",
"基本上，如果已經知道需重複執行幾次，就可以使用for計數迴圈來重複執行程式區塊。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"在輸入最大值後，可以計算出1加至最大值的總和"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"m = int(input(\"請輸入最大值 =>\"))\n",
"s = 0\n",
"for i in range(1, m + 1):\n",
" s = s + i\n",
"print(\"總和 = \" + str(s))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"range(101)可以產生一個0到100的整數序列。\n",
"\n",
"range(1, 100)可以產生一個1到99的整數序列。\n",
"\n",
"range(1, 100, 2)可以產生一個1到99的奇數序列，其中2是步長，即數值序列的增量。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# while條件迴圈"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"while迴圈敘述需要在程式區塊自行處理計數器變數的增減，迴圈是在程式區塊開頭檢查條件，條件成立才允許進入迴圈執行。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"使用while迴圈來計算階層函數值"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"m = int(input(\"請輸入階層數 =>\"))\n",
"r = 1\n",
"n = 1\n",
"while n <= m:\n",
" r = r * n\n",
" n = n + 1\n",
"print(\"階層值! = \" + str(r))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 練習"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"猜數字遊戲"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import random\n",
"\n",
"answer = random.randint( 1 , 100 )\n",
"counter = 0 \n",
"while True\n",
" counter += 1 \n",
" number = int ( input ( '請輸入: ' ))\n",
" if number < answer\n",
" print ( '大一點' )\n",
" elif number > answer\n",
" print ( '小一點' )\n",
" else \n",
" print ( '恭喜你猜對了! ' )\n",
" break\n",
"print ( '你總共猜了%d次' %counter)\n",
"if counter > 7\n",
" print ( '你的智商餘額明顯不足' )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"輸入一個正整數判斷它是不是質數"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from math import sqrt\n",
"\n",
"num = int ( input ( '請輸入一個正整數: ' ))\n",
"end = int (sqrt(num))\n",
"is_prime = True \n",
"for x range ( 2 , end)\n",
" if num % x = 0 :\n",
" is_prime = False \n",
" break \n",
"if is_prime and num != 1 :\n",
" print ( ' %d是質數' % num)\n",
"else :\n",
" print ( ' %d不是質數' % num)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 函數 – 定義函數"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"在Python程式建立沒有參數列和傳回值的print_msg()函數，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def print_msg():\n",
" print(\"歡迎學習Python程式設計!\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"上述函數名稱是print_msg，在名稱後的括號定義傳入的參數列，如果函數沒有參數，就是空括號，在空括號後不要忘了輸入「:」冒號。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python函數如果有傳回值，我們需要使用return關鍵字來傳回值。\n",
"\n",
"例如：判斷參數值是否在指定範圍的is_valid_num()函數，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def is_valid_num(no):\n",
" if no >= 0 and no <= 200.0:\n",
" return True\n",
" else:\n",
" return False"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"再來是一個執行運算的convert_to_f()函數，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def convert_to_f(c):\n",
" f = (9.0 * c) / 5.0 + 32.0\n",
" return f"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 函數 – 函數呼叫"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python程式碼呼叫函數是使用函數名稱加上括號中的引數列。因為print_msg()函數沒有傳回值和參數列，呼叫函數只需使用函數名稱加上空括號，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"print_msg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"函數如果擁有傳回值，在呼叫時可以使用指定敘述來取得傳回值，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f = convert_to_f(c)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"如果函數傳回值為True或False，例如：is_valid_num()函數，我們可以在if條件敘述呼叫函數作為判斷條件，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"if is_valid_num(c):\n",
" print(\"合法!\")\n",
"else:\n",
" print(\"不合法\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 練習"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"實作判斷一個數是不是質數的函數"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def is_prime ( num ):\n",
" for factor in range ( 2 , num):\n",
" if num % factor == 0 :\n",
" return False \n",
" return "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 清單"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python語言的「清單」（Lists）類似其他程式語言「陣列」（Arrays），中文譯名有清單、串列和列表等。\n",
"\n",
"不同於字串型態的不能更改，清單允許更改（Mutable）內容，我們可以新增、刪除、插入和更改清單的項目（Items）。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python清單（Lists）是使用「[]」方括號括起的多個項目，每一個項目使用「,」逗號分隔，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"ls = [6, 4, 5] # 建立清單\n",
"print(ls, ls[2]) # 顯示 \"[6, 4, 5] 5\"\n",
"print(ls[-1]) # 負索引從最後開始: 顯示 \"5\"\n",
"ls[2] = \"py\" # 指定字串型態的項目\n",
"print(ls) # 顯示 \"[6, 4, 'py']\"\n",
"ls.append(\"bar\") # 新增項目\n",
"print(ls) # 顯示 \"[6, 4, 'py', 'bar']\"\n",
"ele = ls.pop() # 取出最後項目\n",
"print(ele, ls) # 顯示 \"bar [6, 4, 'py']\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python清單可以在「[]」方括號中使用「:」符號的語法，即指定開始和結束來分割清單成為子清單，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"nums = list(range(5)) # 建立一序列的整數清單\n",
"print(nums) # 顯示 \"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\"\n",
"print(nums[2:4]) # 切割索引2~4(不含4): 顯示 \"[2, 3]\"\n",
"print(nums[2:]) # 切割索引從2至最後: 顯示 \"[2, 3, 4]\"\n",
"print(nums[:2]) # 切割從開始至索引2(不含2): 顯示 \"[0, 1]\"\n",
"print(nums[:]) # 切割整個清單: 顯示 \"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\"\n",
"print(nums[:-1]) # 使用負索引切割: 顯示 \"[0, 1, 2, 3]\"\n",
"nums[2:4] = [7, 8] # 使用切割來指定子清單\n",
"print(nums) # 顯示 \"[0, 1, 7, 8, 4]\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 清單 – 走訪清單"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python程式是使用for迴圈走訪顯示清單的每一個項目，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat']\n",
"for animal in animals:\n",
" print(animal)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"上述for迴圈可以一一取出清單每一個項目和顯示出來，如果需要顯示清單各項目的索引值，我們需要使用enumerate()函數，如下所示："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"for index, animal in enumerate(animals):\n",
" print(index, animal)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.6.8"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
2019年12月10日 星期二
python.ipynb
住宿生活公約
住宿生活公約
一、主旨：
為養成良好健康的生活作息，推動住宿學生規律自主的生活，學習群體生活互相尊重及互助合作及自主管理的精神，期能提升住宿的生活品質以營造優質讀書氣氛的住宿環境，並落實環保節能減碳的目標，故訂定本公約。
二、生活規範：
2.1.申請寧靜寢室床位者視同同意本公約相關規定。
2.2.住宿寧靜寢室學生除應遵守本校「學生宿舍規則」相關規定外另需遵守本公約約定事項。
2.3.宿舍內應隨時保持安靜，共同維護住宿生活品質與安寧。
2.4.夜間12點準時熄公共區域大燈及寢室內大燈，若有需要同學請改開桌燈。
2.5.寢室內網路於凌晨1點至6點關閉、若有使用網路需求同學請至齋K使用，依學校行事曆期末考前後一週及特殊狀況將視情況延長網路開放時間。
2.6.為避免影響同學睡眠作息，沐浴、洗滌時間於夜間12點前完成。
2.7.晚上12時後應注意講話及音響音量或使用耳機勿大聲喧嘩，並勿使用吹風機等電器設備，以免影響其他室友安寧與作息。
2.8.離開寢室應關門時請注意輕輕帶上勿用力甩門。
三、獎懲：
違反「學生宿舍規則」相關規定及「寧靜寢室生活公約」將依規定執行違規扣點作業，一學年內累計扣點達十點(含)以上，取消其下一學期住宿資格，累計扣點達十五點者(含)，則必須在兩週內搬離宿舍，不予退費，並取消下一學年之住宿申請(含候補)資格。
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